Rest of the Income Statement
- 02:36
Understand how to model the rest of the income statement for a property and casualty insurance company
Transcript
Continuing down the income statement, we're going to now calculate the commission expenses. And the commission expenses are typically payments made to third parties who actually find the insurance policies. So these could be websites or they could be brokers. And we're going to take this as a percentage of the gross premiums earned. And then I'm gonna do the same thing for the general operating expenses. Now I've just got to make that negative. So let me multiply that by minus one. And then I'm also gonna do the same thing with the operating expenses. Again, it's linked to gross premiums earned and I'm gonna come up here and multiply by minus one. You could link it to net earned premiums. It just, I don't think it will make a big difference if the reinsurance isn't going to change greatly. Then we can calculate the total expenses, which is just the addition of those two, and the expense ratio, which is just the total expenses divided by the net earned premiums. Because remember, this is net of reinsurance. So then we can get the underwriting result, and the underwriting result is essentially the profitability of writing insurance. So the net earned premium is about 2.9, net insurance claims is 1.7, and the expenses is about 0.9. So this means there's an underwriting profit. Now, we haven't put an insurance cycle into this model, but we could have done and that's gonna give us a combined ratio of about 89.4% which is meaning that the business is profitable just by selling insurance without any financial return. We can't get the financial return yet, but the installment income, that's gonna be linked to average receivables. So we're going to leave that blank for now too 'cause we haven't done the balance sheet yet. And then the other operating income we have an assumption for, so it's a percentage of the gross premiums earned. So I'm just gonna multiply that by the gross premiums earned. There we go. And operating profit is just a subtotal there. And then we've got finance costs. Again, we've got no balance sheets so we'll leave that blank. Then we've got profitable tax, another subtotal. And then we've got a tax charge. And if I come up to the top here, we should have an effective tax rate of 18.7%. So I'll multiply that by the profitable tax. Make it negative by multiplying by minus one, and that will give us the tax charge. And then finally, we have net income.