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P&C Insurance Analysis

Understand the business model of general insurance businesses and key line items in their financials.

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28 Lessons (86m)

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  • Description & Objectives

  • 1. Law of Large Numbers

    01:57
  • 2. Combined Ratio

    02:39
  • 3. Combined Ratio Over Time

    03:57
  • 4. Combined Ratio Over Time Graph Workout

    03:39
  • 5. Claims or Loss Reserves

    04:16
  • 6. Claims or Loss Reserves Workout

    02:54
  • 7. Claims Expense and Reserves

    02:25
  • 8. Simple P&C Model

    03:27
  • 9. Simple P&C Model Workout

    03:53
  • 10. Income Statement Presentation

    03:12
  • 11. Balance Sheet Assets

    02:33
  • 12. Balance Sheet Liabilities

    02:20
  • 13. Balance Sheet Overview

    03:30
  • 14. Historical Payout Diagram

    03:05
  • 15. Historical Payout Diagram Workout

    04:17
  • 16. Forecast Payout Diagram

    03:14
  • 17. Forecast Payout Diagram Workout

    03:04
  • 18. Reinsurance on the Balance Sheet

    03:23
  • 19. Unearned Premium Reserve

    05:29
  • 20. Unearned Premium Reserve Workout A

    02:21
  • 21. Unearned Premium Reserve Workout A

    03:18
  • 22. Deferred Acquisition Costs

    04:35
  • 23. Deferred Acquisition Costs Workout

    03:02
  • 24. Incurred But Not Reported

    04:53
  • 25. Incurred But Not Reported Workout

    03:04
  • 26. Other Balance Sheet Items

    01:02
  • 27. Equity Capital

    02:00
  • 28. P&C Insurance Analysis Tryout


Prev: Life Insurance Analysis Next: Life Insurance Modeling

Combined Ratio

  • Notes
  • Questions
  • Transcript
  • 02:39

Understand one of the most important ratios in general insurance the combined ratio; made up of the claims ratio and the expense ratio

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General Insurance Insurance P&C property and casualty
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Transcript

So when we take a look at the premium and insurance company charges, some of the premium is going to go to paying out claims and some of it is going to be used in expenses. So let's say a customer gives the insurance company $100 in premiums to cover them for a year's worth of potential loss. Of the 100 premiums, some of it is going to be paid out in claims to policyholders. And remember, we're working on the basis of thousands of different policies, so that can be statistically estimated. So in this case, we expect about 80% of the premiums to be paid out to policyholders. Now, bear in mind that doesn't necessarily happen in the same year that you're giving cover 'cause often claims take time to establish and sometimes the actual claim results in a healthcare liability, which can last over many years. But in essence, in this case, we're assuming that around 80% of the premium is going to be potentially paid out to claimants over time. The remaining amount in this case we assume is going to be used up in operational expenses. And that will be the people, the analysts pricing the insurance, the administrators running the insurance company. So in this case, you're not making any underwriting profit because all your premium is being eaten up in expenses and claims being paid out to policyholders. There're a couple of ratios which we use to measure the performance of an insurance company's underwriting. The first is the expense ratio and this just takes the expenses divided by the premiums. Now, this is going to be driven partly by the type of insurance the company's writing. Very predictable lines will typically have low expense ratios 'cause they're easy to establish. You just need a computer. Other lines like terrorism insurance are going to be much more difficult to establish the risk for. So that means the expense ratio for those will be higher. The second ratio is a claims ratio. Pretty obviously, this is the estimated losses, the total losses that are expected to be paid out, not necessarily in the first year but over time divided by the premiums. And that's an accrued expense, that claims ratio. And if we add those two ratios together, the expense ratio plus the claims ratio, we get what we call the combined ratio. And in this case, the combined ratio is 100% and this means that the company's not making any underwriting profit from writing the insurance.

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