Often when working in Excel, we're given data that isn't quite presented the way that we would like it. However, there are a number of functions that can help us change the way data is presented. The first of these is concatenate. Maybe I have information in two different cells, and I'd like to join it together in a third cell. Two ways you can do this. The first one is join together by using the ampersand. So equals the contents of A1, ampersand, contents of A2. Or you can use that concatenate function. Next up, you can change that case. You can use the upper, lower, or proper functions to change whether you have caps. So that would be upper, no caps, lower, or proper case. And proper case is where the first letter of each word is capitalized. Quite useful if you're putting in names. The next five, left, right, mid, len and find are all useful if you want to extract data from a particular cell. So maybe a cell has a first name and a last name in it. And what you'd like to do is extract just the first name. You can use a combination of those five functions to help you extract either the first name, the last name, the space in between, et cetera. Replace and substitute allow you to swap certain characters for other characters. The text function allows you to change the number format. So for instance, let's say you had the number 1,234 in cell A1. Well, you could then stipulate how you want that to be presented. Maybe you want a thousand separator to be between the 1 and the 2. Maybe you want to stipulate the number of decimal places. Maybe you two or three decimal places. The last one is the value function. This is used where Excel thinks what it's found in a cell is text and you want to then change that to a number. So you type in equals value, then the contents of the cell A1, and then Excel will realize that that is a number and then allow you to perform calculations on it.