Non-controlling interests are often created during divestment. So what are they? Well, here we have a parent company and it owns 70% of a subsidiary. The group is represented by the market capitalization of the parent company and 70% of the group. You've also got 30% of the subsidiaries funding and its ownership coming from the NCI. So your NCI or your non-controlling interests represents the share of the subsidiary owned by external shareholders. It's important to realize that that market capitalization does not include the NCI, even though the NCI will be reported on the group's financials. It's not included in its market cap. So NCI created through the partial acquisition or partial disposal of a subsidiary, the parent fully consolidates the subsidiary and therefore the financials need to identify the values belonging to the NCI. The parents almost over consolidate, and they have to recognize someone else owns the rest. So if we look at a group's income statement, you'll have profit for the year. In this example, it says 925, and then you have to say some of that. 925 is owned by someone else. In this case, it says, of which non-controlling interests owned 134 of the profits, and the rest 791 is owned by the group. If we look at the balance sheets, we can see at the bottom their total equity of 35,739, but non-controlling interest makes up 652 of that. So the equity attributable to the group shareholders is the line above the 35,087. If the subsidiary pays dividends, then the group financing cash flow shows the dividend to NCI. We can see that at the bottom of the screen. Here's our cash flow statements and we can see dividends distributed, but also dividends distributed to non controlling interests. Here's another example of the NCI being reported. On a group balance sheet, the assets and liabilities are fully consolidated by the acquirer, so we can see in that right in the middle of that screenshot, there's a consolidated equity line, but just above it, there's also non-controlling interest being included within that. So just above that, we then have the equity group share. This excludes the non-con controlling interest. So non-con controlling interest forms part of consolidated equity, unless it is redeemable, there's a put option scenario on it. So at the bottom of the screenshot on the right hand side here, we can see that there is a line that says liabilities related to put options granted to non-con controlling interests. This is separate to the non-con controlling interests shown in equity. Therefore, it's been separately reported in the non-current financial debt section of the balance sheet.