Market Infrastructure
- 02:04
Learn about the key players involvement in the securities market
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So let's look at some of the market infrastructure. We'll start off with CSDs. You may know CSDs as central securities depositories. CSD is a specialized financial organization holding securities such as shares either certified or uncertified property dematerialized form, so that the ownership can easily be transferred through a book entry rather than the physical transfer of physical paper certificates. This is what allows the industry to transact so many transactions very quickly, you'll be talking trillions of transactions every year. All this is dealt with electronically and making it much faster and easier than was traditionally the case when physical certificates used to have to be exchanged. If we then look at clearing securities, clearing is required to ensure that payment has been received and that physical stock certificates have been delivered. When I say physical stock certificates these days, obviously that is a a dematerialized certificate more often than not. So it's actually just a book entry to show that stock has changed hands for the required amount of money. Regulators are also part of the market infrastructure. Regulators are in place to make sure that proper procedures are followed and to make sure that things like finality are occurring at the same time re the exchange of certificates for the proper value of cash. If you look onto messaging systems, well the most prevalent messaging system within the market, infra infrastructure by far is SWIFT. In fact, SWIFT has a whole messaging suite, the MT 500 messaging suite specifically for securities transactions and they've also got banking or banks are part of the market infrastructure in many ways. There are the central banks who might be involved as well as the custodian banks that may be involved. And quite a lot of the market makers are subparts of banks as well. And of course, at some stage, whether someone is either entering into the custody market, so that means cash comes into the system or they're exiting the custody market and that means cash leaves the system. In addition, whenever there is any income paid i.e. dividends, well that may involve cash. And also if there is any tax to be paid, that will most certainly involve tax being paid by cash out of the system.