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LBO Modeling Complexities

Explore capital structure variations, sale leaseback analysis including a bridge loan, and unitranche. Learn to model the returns to the stakeholders in the deal.

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28 Lessons (149m)

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  • Description & Objectives

  • 1. LBO Modeling Complexities - Intro

    01:14
  • 2. Model Map

    01:54
  • 3. Key Assumptions

    04:01
  • 4. Capital Structure

    10:37
  • 5. Sources and Uses

    07:57
  • 6. Ownership and Goodwill

    05:20
  • 7. Pro Forma Balance Sheet

    06:31
  • 8. Operating Model

    06:56
  • 9. Balance Sheet

    07:10
  • 10. Cash Flow

    04:57
  • 11. Debt Structure

    05:56
  • 12. Revolver

    05:52
  • 13. First Lien

    06:20
  • 14. Second Lien

    03:42
  • 15. Unitranche

    04:19
  • 16. Bridge Loan

    04:48
  • 17. Lease Liability

    11:46
  • 18. Mezzanine and Preferred Equity

    03:32
  • 19. Mandated Debt Repayments

    09:30
  • 20. Linking Debt to Balance Sheet

    03:56
  • 21. Interest and Dividends

    05:40
  • 22. Copy to Complete the Model

    03:20
  • 23. Equity Returns

    03:06
  • 24. Mezzanine Returns

    04:36
  • 25. Institution Returns

    02:52
  • 26. Management Returns

    02:42
  • 27. Sale Leaseback

    08:16
  • 28. LBO Modeling Complexities Tryout


Prev: Leveraged Buy Out Next: Advanced LBO Modeling

First Lien

  • Notes
  • Questions
  • Transcript
  • 06:20

LBO modeling First Lien

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Debenhams-Complex-LBO-Revolver-FULL-First-Lien-EMPTY

Glossary

First Lien LBO LBO modeling Private Equity second lien Subordination
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Transcript

We can now begin to take the cash flow that is available to accelerate repayment and applying it to the additional further tranches of debt. The first thing we have to consider at this point is we have to remember that back on our LBO transaction assumptions tab we had a cash sweep assumption. And the cash sweep assumption basically said that we could only apply 75% of excess cash to accelerate. That kind of a governor as it's known has to be applied somewhere in the model. Typically, it's not applied before the revolver because the revolver is kind of a unique instrument in that has to be paid back first. So we typically hold off on applying those governors to the acceleration because acceleration is kind of a luxury in a model whereas paying off a revolver is kind of a necessity. So this is the first place we're really going to look to apply this restriction and it's going to be linked to that assumption on the first page on that LBO page. So it's gonna be the cash available for first lien acceleration times the cash sweep assumption of 75%. And I will anchor that. Now we can begin to look at this first lien the ending balance of the first lean, it's gonna come from that combo balance sheet year column I and that becomes our beginning balance. Before we can accelerate we have to deal with what's mandatorily necessary. And in this case what we have to do is we have to go back up and deal with those assumptions, which in this case are zero. So the way the mandatory repayment will work is, yes, we will repay according to what's contractual. However, if we have accelerated to the point where we don't necessarily have as big a beginning balance as we thought we would have, there's no need to overpay. So it's going to be a minus min of the beginning balance and the percentage of mandatory repayment times the original balance of the debt. So the way these mandatory assumptions work is they work based off of percentage of the beginning balance. If you don't go back to the beginning balance, the percentages never add up to a hundred. So we want to go back and link that to our beginning balance. That can be either from the combo page or it can be from the page that we're on here. But I'm gonna use the page that we're on currently because it just saves me from going back. As we get into this loan and we start to repay it we'll never be able to repay more than we owe. And we can test some of these assumptions once we have everything kind of copied out to the right and we can see the numbers flowing a little bit better. If I have an assumption here of 25% we can see that this is being repaid as a negative. So now that I have that in there and I think I'm actually just gonna go ahead and keep that at 25% just so we can see what's happening and I will remember to change it. So for the accelerated repayment, what's happening here is the mandatory repayment comes first. So we can only accelerate what we have left. So what we have left is the 300. So the accelerator repayment needs to look at what we have left, and then it also needs to not repay more than we owe. It's gonna be another minus min formula and it will look at what we have versus what we owe. And what we owe is the net of those two. And in this case, what it's saying is I'm gonna apply that 88.7 to my outstanding balance, which is the 300 and I'll apply as much as I can. So if I had 500 here it would only apply what I needed to repay this amount and it would leave the rest for further tranches. So I'm going to undo that. And then I'm also gonna go up here and I'm gonna make this back to zero. I may change these again as we continue to move down the debt page. The last thing that I need to do for the accelerator repayment is hidden off to the left here. We actually have a toggle. And the toggle basically enables us to apply the accelerated repayment or not apply it. So all I need to do at this point is for my accelerated repayment I need to just use this switch as a multiplier. This is a situation where a switch can be used as a multiplier, and this way if I turn my switch off, it zeros out the acceleration. And if I turn it back on, it puts the acceleration back in. Now I'm gonna go and total up my ending balance and I can calculate my interest expense. Interest expense will be handled the same exact way as we handled the revolver. Unfortunately, we can't quite copy this because the rows aren't quite set up the same way we could do it and kind of manually sort of fudge it. But I don't like to type into my formulas because I'm a bad typer. I'm notoriously hitting the wrong keys and I guarantee you might at some point as well. So let's just build this interest expense calculation again equals if, go back to my LBO page if the first lien interest rate is equal to N slash A then give me a zero. If it's not, then kindly give me the rate itself, J36 and I'm gonna have to anchor that and I'm gonna anchor that. And then the last thing I need to do is apply it to the average balance of my ending debt and that gets me the correct formula. Now one thing we could do here is on our income statement we have positive negative presentations. So for both the revolver and the long-term debt probably makes sense for me to go ahead and flip these to show them as a negative and that will give me interest that I can then bring directly on to the income statement.

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