Basel III - Liquidity Requirements
- 02:56
Understand key liquidity ratios introduced by Basel III to address some of the issues faced by struggling banks during the 2008 financial crisis.
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In addition to the adjustments to the capital requirement ratios, there were a number of other new requirements in BaselI III to address some of the issues faced by struggling banks during the 2008 financial crisis. The first problem a number of banks faced was around funding the short term commercial paper markets that some banks used as a source of funding dried up, and no other banks were willing to lend to them fearing they would default. The first measure introduced by Basel III to address this was the liquidity coverage ratio or LCR, which attempts to keep firms from having a liquidity shortfall, or in other words, to ensure banks hold enough liquid assets at any point in time to meet their immediate commitments. So they are not reliant on raising financing in this regard. The formula for the liquidity ratio is the banks holding of high quality liquid assets, which includes cash, government, bonds, and some corporate bonds divided by the net cash outflows. That is expected outflows minus expected inflows under a stressed scenario for the next 30 days. This ratio needs to be at least 100%. The other liquidity requirement introduced was the net stable funding ratio or NSFR. This is designed to ensure there is sustainable long-term funding for the long-term assets held by the bank. A number of bank and other financial institutions with long-term assets, such as mortgages had financed themselves with short-term funding from the money market. When this source of funds dried up in 2007, they were struggling to raise financing and also unable to sell their assets to balance their books. The introduction of the net stable funding ratio aims to address this by ensuring that banks more closely match the maturity of their assets to the maturity of the funding for those assets. The formula is available stable funding divided by required stable funding over a 12 month time horizon. Available stable funding is the amount of funding the bank has in place for the next 12 months, so includes funding which does not have to be repaid within the next year, such as equity and debt, not repayable within the next 12 months. Cash deposits can be included if they are not expected to be removed in a stressed scenario. Required stable funding is the amount of banks' assets, which are not expected to be able to be monetized within the next 12 months, such as long-term loans.
Basel III requires that this ratio be at least 100%, or in other words, that the available stable funding must be equal to or greater than the required stable funding.